The Vedas

There are four Vedas, the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda. The Vedas are the primary texts of Hinduism. They also had a vast influence on Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. The Rig Veda, the oldest of the four Vedas, was composed about 1500 B.C., and codified about 600 B.C. It is unknown when it was finally comitted to writing, but this probably was at some point after 300 B.C.

The Vedas contain hymns, incantations, and rituals from ancient India. Along with the Book of the Dead, the Enuma Elish, the I Ching, and the Avesta, they are among the most ancient religious texts still in existence. Besides their spiritual value, they also give a unique view of everyday life in India four thousand years ago. The Vedas are also the most ancient extensive texts in an Indo-European language, and as such are invaluable in the study of comparative linguistics.

RIG VEDA
The Rig-Veda translated by Ralph Griffith [1896] This is a complete English translation of the Rig Veda.
Rig-Veda (Sanskrit). This is the complete Rig Veda in Sanskrit, in Unicode Devanagari script and standard romanization.

SAMA VEDA
The Sama-Veda translated by Ralph Griffith [1895] 282,861 bytes.
The Sama Veda is a collection of hymns used by the priests during the Soma sacrifice. Many of these duplicate in part or in whole hymns from the Rig Veda. This is a complete translation.

YAJUR VEDA
The Yajur Veda translated by A.B. Keith [1914]
This is a complete translation of the Yajur Veda. The Yajur Veda is a detailed manual of the Vedic sacrificial rites.

ATHARVA VEDA
The Atharva-Veda translated by Maurice Bloomfield [1897] (Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 42)
The Atharva Veda also contains material from the Rig Veda, but of interest are the numerous incantations and metaphysical texts, which this anthology (part of the Sacred Books of the East series) collects and categorizes. The Atharva Veda was written down much later than the rest of the Vedas, about 200 B.C.; it may have been composed about 1000 B.C.

GENERAL
A Vedic Reader for Students by A.A. Macdonell [1917] (excerpts) 121,143 bytes
This text serves as an introduction to the dramatis personae of the Rig Veda.

Return to Home Page